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Authors: Adriana Jupîneanţ Cioran, Remus Creţan, Sorina Voiculescu, Mercedes Alcañiz Moscardó

Abstract: Recent research indicates that there are critical physical, psychological, verbal and economic issues that shape the types of violence to which women are subject. This study analyses how Roma migrant women fall victim to domestic abuse, both in their home country (Romania) and abroad (Spain). Drawing on literature regarding violence against women, a survey (N=132) was conducted with Romanian Roma migrant women in Spain to understand the ways in which they reconstructed their gender identities in the face of violence. Further semi-structured interviews were undertaken with five Roma migrant women to determine the ways in which these women perceived the forms of violence to which they fell victim, what caused their partners to become perpetrators, and what roles their own families played in this scenario. The findings of our study reveal the inherent insecurities that violence has inflicted on our participants, unmask the destructive effects on the family unit, and explain how some of the interviewees were able to transcend their experience and initiate a process of resetting their gender identities. If the predominance of the traditional patriarchal structure of Roma society can be observed during the life experiences of the Roma women in Romania, the gender characteristics are changing among those Roma women who have migrated to Spain: there is a greater emphasis on a fairer distribution of domestic tasks, decision-making in the family, and their ability to adapt to new possibilities for professional development. The study concludes that although violence against Roma women is still a real issue in Spain, women are re-defining their gender identities to resist traditional patriarchal structures.

Keywords: gender violence, Romanian Roma women migrants Valencia region Spain

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Received: June 20, 2023 | Revised: August 09, 2023 | Accepted: September 08, 2023

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Authors: Bojan Radojević, Uglješa Stankov, Miroslav D. Vujičić

Abstract: The development of smart cities and destinations heavily relies on geospatial technologies and intelligence. Geospatial aspects encompass location-based data and tools and are of significant importance in governing smart tourism destinations. This paper investigates the geospatial elements involved in the development of smart tourism destinations, by analyzing smart projects implemented in Novi Sad, Serbia. The theoretical framework draws upon the fields of geoinformatics, urban planning, and smart city development. Research conducted in Novi Sad reveals that the majority of smart initiatives, solutions, projects, and practices are geospatially oriented. To enhance the governing of smart cities, the paper introduces a comprehensive and adaptable catalogue of smart projects, which is easily navigable and comprehensible.

Keywords: geospatial aspects, smart tourism, smart tourism destination, smart projects, destination governance, Novi Sad

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Received: April 22, 2023 | Revised: August 09, 2023 | Accepted: September 12, 2023

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Authors: Luka Sabljić, Dragoslav Pavić, Stevan Savić, Davorin Bajić

Abstract: The subject of the research paper is the use of remote sensing in monitoring and analyzing the impact of climate change on the occurrence of extreme precipitation, and the causeand- effect occurrence of floods in the area of the Sana River Basin in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The goal is to process the “product” of remote sensing to identify the time intervals of occurrence of extreme precipitation, to assess their impact on water levels, and to map potential floods in space. Spatial identification of zones that are at risk of flooding is an integral part of the aforementioned goal. Precipitation monitoring was performed by processing Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station Data through the Google Earth Engine platform. The observed 30-year period (1992–2022) was compared with the average precipitation for 2017, 2018 and 2019. The impact of extreme precipitation on the water level of the Sana River was analyzed. Flooding periods have been identified: February and December 2017, March 2018 and May 2019. Mapping of flooded areas was carried out by pre-processing and post-processing of Sentinel-1 radar satellite images. The total flooded area is: 710.38 ha (February 2017), 496.79 ha (December 2017), 417.86 ha (March 2018) and 422.42 ha (May 2019). Based on the identified flooded areas, a flood risk map was created on the main course of the Sana River. The research contributes to a better understanding of the changes that occur in the area under the influence of climate change, and the data presented are important for numerous practical issues in the field of water resource management and flood protection.

Keywords: climate change, precipitation, water level, flood, remote sensing, mapping, risk zones

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Received: July 20, 2023 | Revised: August 19, 2023 | Accepted: September 08, 2023

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Authors: Sandy H. S. Herho, Katarina E. P. Herho, Raden D. Susanto

Abstract: Majapahit was the largest Hindu-Buddhist empire that ruled the Indonesian archipelago from the late 13th to mid-16th centuries CE. Only now there is still a lot of history surrounding the Majapahit era that has yet to be revealed. One is about how environmental factors influenced the political dynamics at that time. This study tries to discuss the influence of hydroclimate regimes using the Paleo Hydrodynamics Data Assimilation (PHYDA) product on the political history of Majapahit during the dry season, which occurs during the boreal summer. We conducted a spatial analysis of the area of drought by taking data from the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) in the Maritime Continent (MC) for six crucial episodes in the history of Majapahit, namely during the reign of Jayanegara (1309 – 1328 CE), which was marked by various political instability, the golden age of Majapahit (1309 – 1328 CE). 1350 – 1389 CE), the time of the Paregreg civil war (1405 – 1406 CE), the great famine event (ca. 1426 CE), the candrasengkala event (1478 CE), and in 1527 CE, which was marked by the complete conquest of Majapahit by the Demak sultanate. The results show statistically significant differences in most of these six episodes (except during the heyday of Majapahit) against the reference period, which is the average PDSI over the entire Majapahit era (1293 – 1527 CE). In addition, we also conducted a temporal analysis linking PDSI with shifts in the West Pacific Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (WP ITCZ) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) represented by Niño 3.4 Sea Surface Temperature (SST). This temporal analysis results show a positive correlation between WP ITCZ – PDSI, a negative correlation between Niño 3.4 SST – PDSI and a negative correlation between ITCZ – Niño 3.4 SST. All of these correlations are statistically significant. So the probable cause of dry/wet conditions in MC during the Majapahit era was triggered by a meridional ITCZ shift which triggered different ENSO phases through Bjerknes feedback. This preliminary study has implications as opening the way to understand the influence of environmental factors on political conditions in the Majapahit era in more detail.

Keywords: Drought, ENSO, PDSI, Pluvial, Majapahit

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Received: May 25, 2023 | Revised: August 18, 2023 | Accepted: September 23, 2023

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Authors: Sarasadat Makian, Fatemeh Bagheri, Amir Hossein Qezelbash

Abstract: The study examines key factors influencing nature-based tourism (NBT) development in less-developed nature destinations, selecting Ardabil province of Iran as a case study. It employed a qualitative approach involving fifteen semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis. The study identified seven factors contributing to the development of NBT: tourism development requirements, new managerial initiatives, political support and planning, democratic approach, destination management, sustainability and awareness. The study highlights the importance of sustainability in shaping the future of NBT, which must be considered in policymaking and planning and environmental and climate change impact management. The study recommends knowledge circulation for effective future-based planning. The findings provide valuable insight into the factors required for NBT development at macro and micro levels and can assist DMOs and policymakers of less-developed nature destinations better underrated NBT destination management, allowing them to be better prepared for the future.

Keywords: Nature-based tourism, Sustainability, Knowledge sharing, Thematic analysis, Ardabil, Iranian tourism

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Received: May 30, 2023 | Revised: September 19, 2023 | Accepted: September 19, 2023