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July 22, 2026Geographica Pannonica - Volume 26, Issue 4
Volume 26, Issue 4 content (click on a plus button for more):
EXAMINING A THEORETICAL CONCEPT – (IM)MOBILITY AS A FACTOR OF PERFORATION IN A RURAL HUNGARIAN CONTEXT
Authors: Levente B. Alpek, Gábor Pirisi, Róbert Tésits, András Trócsányi, Éva Máté, Ádám Németh
Abstract: Rural restructuring became a frame definition to describe the changing circumstances of rurality within modernization and post-modernization processes. When it comes to modernization, differentiation mostly denotes an increasing urban lifestyle, higher level of mobility and flexibility and dynamic society of the rural. However, a brief overview on rural spaces proved, that in many cases the new challenges of modernization or post-modern values indicate a fragmentation in societies. The approach to reach a higher level of mobility due to the centralized spatial structure of workplaces results in a distinction between social groups; what is more, demographic decline intensifies because of the relatively high mobility
of certain rural groups. This paper focuses on those social groups, which have a relatively low level of mobility, therefore they get isolated in a rural locality. The settlements, where most of the local society lacks mobility, could cause the perforation of the settlement system, thus the isolation of some rural social groups leads to a dysfunctional settlement structure. In these terms, perforation means a process, in which a settlement loses connections with local centres or other communities due to the low mobility of residents. Therefore, perforation refers to the lack of local networks, an immobile society, and a set of problems, like unemployment, deprivation, or deviant behaviour. According to the author’s presumptions, the mobility of residents could express the volume of perforation as the more isolated the residents are, the less network functions in a rural settlement system can be found. For this reason, this research measures the mobility level of residents in a Hungarian rural locality named Baranyai-Hegyhát, located in the Southern-Transdanubia Region. According to survey data, a mathematical model can describe mobility patterns in this area, which is used as a method to find isolating settlements in a disabled space. The theoretical concept of perforation is supposed to be an experimental approach to interpret complex isolation processes in rural spaces, as such, in this paper, we are to test our theory with the method of the Corrected Mobility Index.
Keywords: post-socialist rurality; rural restructuring; perforation of settlement structure; mobility; labour market; Hungary
Article info:
Received: June 28, 2022 | Revised: September 12, 2022 | Accepted: September 15, 2022
LIGHT POLLUTION MAPPING IN PÉCS CITY WITH THE HELP OF SQM-L AND VIIRS DNB. THE EFFECT OF PUBLIC LUMINAIRE REPLACEMENTS ON THE SKY BACKGROUND OF THE URBAN SKY
Authors: Péter Gyenizse, Emese Soltész, Dénes Lóczy, János Kovács, László Nagyváradi, Tibor Elekes, Sára Bodza Gyenizse-Nagy, Gergő Németh, Ákos Halmai
Abstract: Recently light pollution has been one of the most dynamically increasing form of environmental pollution. Light, if it arrives at the wrong place, time, quantity and quality, is harmful to human health and the physical environment – not to mention that it is a mere waste of energy. The brightness of the sky above Pécs was measured by SQM-L instruments in 2011 and 2019. Maps of the different neighbourhoods with different levels of light pollution have been prepared. In addition, special VIIRS day/night band satellite images were also analysed using QGIS software. Our investigations coincided with the modernization of street lighting in the city. The impact of LED illuminators installed along main roads in Pécs was observed locally.
Keywords: light pollution mapping; SQM-L; VIIRS day/night band; QGIS; TIN; Thiessen polygon; Pécs
Article info:
Received: August 07, 2022 | Revised: October 31, 2022 | Accepted: November 01, 2022
COASTAL REGIONS IN THE GEOGRAPHY OF INNOVATION ACTIVITY: A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF MARINE BASINS
Authors: Andrey Mikhaylov, Anna Mikhaylova, Daniil Maksimenko, Mikhail Maksimenko, Dmitry Hvaley
Abstract: Across the globe marine coasts are experiencing an outstripping growth of the population and economic activity, a phenomenon known as coastalization. Most global cities and industry clusters are located in coastal regions acting as economic growth nodes for their respective countries. This divergence is equally true for national innovation systems, gravitating towards highly urbanized coastal areas. The study is designed to evaluate the spatial stratification of the knowledge production between the coastal regions located in different marine basins – Azov-Black, Caspian, Baltic, Arctic, and Pacific. In order to level-out the national differences of the innovation policy and institutional architecture, the research is held in a single country – the Russian Federation. Our research hypothesis suggests that the knowledge production domain of the innovation activity is influenced by urbanization and coastalization, i.e. the proximity to the core city and the coast. We also expect that the coastalization factor would be reflected in intensified involvement of coastal municipalities in knowledge production networks. The study is based on processing the ROSRID database of 66,647 research projects implemented in 2017-2019 and geocoded using the Yandex.Maps API. The research has shown that the urbanization factor has the strongest influence in configuration of R&D networks – the core centers of knowledge production are the largest cities in marine basins that give further impetus to the involvement of neighboring municipalities. Nearly 70% of municipalities across marine basins have limited or no involvement in the knowledge production, except the Baltic and Azov-Black Sea basins that feature the strongest performance. Overall, the proximity to the coast of non-freezing seas has a positive correlation with the number of R&Ds executed and funded. Considering the research topics, the share of marine-related research is typically funded by coastal regions, whereas the executed R&Ds cover a broad variety of topics. Research results enrich the notion of geography of innovation and advance our understanding of the spatial factors in knowledge distribution within the national innovation system.
Keywords: geography of innovation; knowledge distribution; knowledge production; national innovation system; coastal regions
Article info:
Received: July 31, 2022 | Revised: September 29, 2022 | Accepted: October 20, 2022
ANALYSIS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT ON LAND COVER CHANGES OF THREE CITIES OF GUJARAT STATE, INDIA
Authors: Alpesh M. Patel, Anil Suthar
Abstract: Urbanization generally serves as a key navigator of the economic growth and development of the country. There is a need for fast and accurate urban planning to accommodate more and more people in the city area. Remote sensing technology has been used for planning the expansion and design of city areas. A novel machine learning (ML) classifier formed by combining AdaBoost and extra trees algorithm have been investigated for change detection in the urban area of three cities in the Gujarat region of India. Using Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) Resourcesat-2 LISS IV satellite images, the performance of the object-based AdaBoosted extra trees classifier (ABETC) in terms of overall accuracy (OA) and kappa coefficient (KC) for urban area change detection was compared to benchmarked object-based algorithms. As the first step in object-based classification (OBC), the Shepherd segmentation algorithm was used to segment satellite images. For all three cities, the object-based ABETC demonstrated the highest efficiency when compared to conventional classifiers. The rise in the built-up area of Ahmedabad city has been noted by 87.39 sq km from the year 2011 to 2020 showing the urban development of the city. This increase in the built-up area of Ahmedabad was compensated by the depletion of 30.26 sq. km. vegetation area, and 57.13 sq. km. of open land class. The built-up area of Vadodara and Rajkot city has been enlarged by 17.24 sq km and 6.79 sq km respectively. The highest OA of 96.04% and KC of 0.94 has been noted for a satellite image of Vadodara city with a novel object based ABETC algorithm.
Keywords: urbanization; change detection; object based classification; multispectral image
Article info:
Received: August 07, 2022 | Revised: October 31, 2022 | Accepted: November 01, 2022
THE COMPETITION BETWEEN DISCOUNT STORES AND COOP IN NORTHERN HUNGARY: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Tamás Sikos T.A, Csaba József Kovács
Abstract: In the past decades, the expansion policy of hard discounters is receiving increasing scientific attention. One of the main reasons of their success is location choices, which needs geographical thinking and knowledge of socio-economic environment. Although it has key importance to gain high purchase power territories in this competition, each company have to implement their own geo-strategy. While discount stores are operating in the town, national franchise small stores have an extensive network in the rural area. This paper is a case study which deals with competition of hard discounters and Coop in Northern Hungary.
Keywords: discount chains; retail; Aldi; Lidl; small store; Coop; territorial competition
Article info:
Received: August 14, 2022 | Revised: November 23, 2022 | Accepted:November 25, 2022
INTRODUCING GREENSWALES: A NATURE-BASED APPROACH TO PRESERVE SEASONAL CHANNELS – LEARNINGS FROM CHANDIGARH, INDIA
Authors: Ankita Sood, Arindam Biswas
Abstract: For long, the cities depended on grey infrastructure for draining stormwater. However, incidences of pluvial flooding are increasing, and existing grey infrastructure is unable to take up the additional stormwater load. Consequently, planners are forced to think of new and sustainable alternatives for stormwater management. Natural channels can supplement the stormwater drainage systems, but these channels in cities are reclaimed to provide land for housing and other functions despite their crucial role. This study presents the case of a natural channel in Chandigarh (India) that is redeveloped as a greenspace without compromising its function of stormwater conveyance. We analytically discussed the non-intentional preservation of this seasonal natural channel and introduced a new term, greenswales, for similar arrangements. A greenswale is defined as the stretch of greenspaces laid over a natural channel, ephemeral or intermittent, having stormwater detention and conveyance as primary functions during precipitation. This study’s significant finding is that the seasonal natural channels in a city can be safeguarded through the judicious superimposition of green spaces over them. Crucial lessons from this case can guide new developments in utilising natural seasonal channels as a nature-based solution for stormwater management, reducing the load on grey infrastructure and providing the city with a greenspace.
Keywords: greenswales; pluvial flooding; natural channels; nature-based solutions; stormwater management; urban streams
Article info:
Received: September 13, 2022 | Revised: September 29, 2022 | Accepted: October 20, 2022
URBANIZATION TRENDS IN THE 21ST CENTURY – A DRIVER FOR NEGATIVE CLIMATE, NOISE AND AIR QUALITY IMPACTS ON URBAN POPULATION
URBANIZATION TRENDS IN THE 21ST CENTURY – A DRIVER FOR NEGATIVE CLIMATE, NOISE AND AIR QUALITY IMPACTS ON URBAN POPULATION
Authors: Stevan Savić, Miloš Bjelić, Dragana Šumarac Pavlović, Dragan Milošević, Jelena Dunjić, Lazar Lazić, Mileta Žarković, Tatjana Miljković