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Authors: Masahiro Kajikawa, Takafumi Miyasaka, Yutaka Kubota, Akihiro Oba, Katori Miyasaka

Abstract: Geotagged social media data have been used widely for visitor monitoring in protected areas. The data might, however, over or underestimate visitors from specific countries due to nationality bias, i.e., differences between nationality of actual visitors versus those visitors who post on social media. This study aimed to quantify nationality bias in social media data for visitor monitoring. We conducted a questionnaire survey in Nikko National Park, Japan. Questions covered the nationality of visitors and their usage of social media, and other visitor attributes and behavior. Foreign visitors had significantly different attributes and behaviors compared to Japanese. Non-Japanese Asian visitors were overrepresented in Instagram and Facebook data. In comparison, the X platform was more representative of all visitors. Nationality bias in different platforms needs more attention and further study in different areas.

Keywords: Country of origin, Nature-based tourism, Representativeness, Sampling bias, Social networking service, Spatial visitor distribution, Twitter

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Received: August 30, 2023 | Revised: November 22, 2023 | Accepted: November 27, 2023

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Authors: Ivan Marić, Aida Avdić

Abstract: Across Europe marginalization has been highlighted as an object of important political concern. In the area of Central Europe and the Balkans, the problem of marginalization has not been sufficiently researched. This particularly applies to the Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Using the GIS multicriteria decision analysis a composite index of geographical marginalization (GMAR) was created. Marginalization is analyzed as a multidimensional concept using the 4 groups with a total of 40 criteria. Spatial patterns were detected from extremely marginalized to extremely non-marginalized regions. The GMAR indicates the existence of regional disparities in BiH. The high degree of marginalization, especially those in the border sector, alerts the implementation of the demarginalization measures.

Keywords: GIS-MCDA, marginalization, marginality, Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Received: August 29, 2023 | Revised: October 23, 2023 | Accepted: November 06, 2023

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Authors: Annunziata Palermo, Lucia Chieffallo, Sara Virgilio

Abstract: Tourism development allows the enhancement of the heritage of local cultural resources, expressing the territorial potential. The Systematic Literature Review shown in this paper highlight the relationship between “cultural heritage” and “tourism”. The current state of the art and the specific relationships between the contents of the selected publications demonstrate that tourism is an indispensable tool in local communication and cultural promotion policies and strategies. The qualitative results allow the identification of cultural tourism geographies that coincide with four thematic clusters not evident in advance.

Keywords: tourism, cultural heritage, local development, SLR

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Received: September 26, 2023 | Revised: November 27, 2023 | Accepted: November 29, 2023

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Authors: Milica Solarević, Bojan Đerčan, Stanley Brunn, Milka Bubalo-Živković, Dragica Gatarić, Ivana Penjišević

Abstract: The attachment can be directed towards the people (socially based attachment), but also can be based on the physical characteristics of the place or other factors. People in Serbia frequently change place of residence during educational stages or due to important family and life events. It also depends on other factors, such as ethnicity, tradition and environmental concerns. This study aims to re-evaluate the place attachment concept based on the well-established triple person-process-place concept and develop a new place attachment scale and apply. The survey included 1059 respondents. The SPSS was used for EFA relatedness calculations, Independent T-tests, and One-way ANOVA, while R and RStudio were used for CFA analysis. Four groups of factors were identified, leading to the development of a four-dimensional Place Relatedness Scale (4PRS): Family and Home, Social, Community and Everyday Life, Local Environment Bonding, Life Cycle. Certain differences were found between male and female respondents and in regard to other socio-demographic parameters.

Keywords: place, place attachment, place attachment scale, Serbia

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Received: July 13, 2023 | Revised: November 01, 2023 | Accepted: December 12, 2023

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CLIMATE-TOURISM INFORMATION SCHEME (CTIS) FOR SPORT EVENTS FROM PAST: ANALYSIS OF CASES OF 1980 SUMMER OLYMPICS (MOSCOW) AND 2018 FIFA WORLD CUP

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Authors: Varvara Maratkanova, Pavel Konstantinov

Abstract: This article provides a quantitative analysis of local climate-related factors that may influence the organization of large sport events in Moscow, Russia, and its graphic representation in form of CTIS (Climate-Tourism Information Scheme) with decade resolution for 1991-2021. The individual CTIS for two historical sport events with daily resolution were also done, and then compared to meteorological data recorded during two large sport events to assess the agreement between averaged and actual conditions, which was found to be good enough for CTIS to serve as basic evaluation method. The CTIS-difference with sport events in Moscow compared with cases of Doha and Tokyo seem to be more about identifying the time period with biggest thermal comfort frequencies, instead of looking for occurrences of heat stress conditions. According to 1980 Summer Olympics and 2018 FIFA World Cup events it can be noted that time period was planned satisfactorily.

Keywords: human thermal comfort, heat stress, cold stress, PET, CTIS

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Received: October 30, 2023 | Revised: December 13, 2023 | Accepted: December 17, 2023