Geographica Pannonica Vol.26-3
July 22, 2026Geographica Pannonica Vol.26-1
July 23, 2026Geographica Pannonica - Volume 26, Issue 2
Volume 26, Issue 2 content (click on a plus button for more):
GIS BASED METHODOLOGY TO ANALYSE THE PUBLIC TRANSPORT SUPPLY – HUNGARIAN CASE STUDIES
Authors: Martin Bárta
Abstract: The paper aims to introduce a new way of comparing the efficiency of public transport operations based on publicly available data. It draws on four main sources, the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, public transport provider data, GTFS and OSM map layers. Methodologically, it combines the use of the GTFS format and corresponding static timetable component files, Thiessen polygons and empirical selection of relative indicators. As places of research, three comparable Hungarian cities have been selected by their population size; Pécs, Szeged and Miskolc. The comparison consists of 8 quantitative indicators that cover six major geographical aspects of transport operation (accessibility in terms
of proximity, capacity, connectivity, density, frequency and velocity of vehicles). The analysis does not consider the mode of public transport, thus opening up the possibility of an independent comparison of efficiency regardless of various infrastructure characteristics. The results show that Miskolc and Pécs achieved the best values in four indicators. On the contrary, the city of Szeged, despite its diverse structure of transport modes, does not have an advantage in any aspect. The relatively loosely anchored methodology leaves room for an extension to include economic, environmental, and other specific factors.
Keywords: public transport; GTFS; Thiessen polygons; indicators; accessibility; GIS
Article info:
Received: February 13, 2022 | Revised: April 13, 2022 | Accepted: May 14, 2022
PRECIPITATION PATTERNS IN THE GAMBIA FROM 1981 TO 2020
Authors: Abdoulie O. Ceesay, Lamin Mai Touray
Abstract: The present study used composite analysis and rainy season definition to investigate rainfall patterns in The Gambia from 1981 to 2020. Rainfall dataset as observed by 10 meteorological stations scattered across The Gambia was used. Results showed that the highest single month rainfall ever recorded in The Gambia during the study period was observed in Sapu, in the eastern sector of the country. The station recorded a total rainfall amount of 767 mm in August, 1999, while the lowest single month rainfall ever recorded was 463 mm in September 2012. It was observed in Jenoi, a station situated in the western sector of the country. Climatological results showed that the study area experienced monomodal rainfall regime during the West African Monsoon, and that the southern part of the western sector region such as Sibanor tend to receive more rainfall compared to other regions of the study area. Part of the central region receives the least annual rainfall. The eastern sector of The Gambia received much of its rain from May to October with July – September as the peak of the rain season. During May – October, Sapu received the heaviest rainfall while Fatoto received the least amount. Results also show that July – September is the period when significant amounts of rainfall are received over the eastern sector of the study area. While May and October are both transitional months, the eastern sector of the study area receives more rains in October than in May. The western sector of the study area, on the other hand, received much of its rain from June to October with July – September as the peak of the rain season. During June – October, Sibanor received the heaviest rainfall while Jenoi received the least amount. The results also show that July – September is the period when significant amounts of rainfall are received over the western sector of the study area. Although June and October are both transitional months, the western sector receives more or less the same rain amounts in June and October. Results further found that, to avert losses associated with excess or deficit in crop water requirement, in the eastern sector, crops with high water requirement should be grown before August as maximum rainfall is observed in August, whereas crops with minimum water requirement should be grown in May or October, that is when minimum rainfall is experienced. In the western sector, on the other hand, crops requiring high water amount should be grown before August or September when maximum rainfall is recorded in the sector, whereas crops with minimum water requirement should be grown in June or October. This study will help create awareness on the erratic rain seasons due to Climate Change, and to provide farmers with information on rainfall distribution in The Gambia to avert losses and impacts associated with water deficit or excess on society, agriculture, and the environment.
Keywords: rainfall; composite analysis; rainy season; monsoon; monomodal; The Gambia
Received: March 01, 2022 | Revised: June 07, 2022 | Accepted: June 09, 2022
SPATIALLY DIFFERENTIATED IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON SELECTED INDICATORS OF MORTALITY IN SLOVAKIA IN 2020
Authors: Anton Michálek
Abstract: Slovakia is a country with a specific development of the Covid-19 pandemic. While it was among the countries with the lowest number of cases and lowest mortality during the first wave, during the second and third waves Slovakia gradually became one of the countries with the worst development of the pandemic. The aim of this contribution is to summarise the situation in Slovakia during the first year of the pandemic and investigate its influence on selected indicators of mortality. An attempt was also made at determining its influence on the lethality rate of Covid-19, changes in mortality, and excess deaths. The research considered regionally differentiated levels and identification of risk districts from the aspect of the abovementioned phenomena.
Keywords: Covid-19; spatial analysis; mortality; lethality; excess deaths
Received: April 25, 2022 | Revised: June 11, 2022 | Accepted: June 30, 2022
USING CORRELATION ANALYSIS TO EXAMINE THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMICS ON VARIOUS SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS: CASE STUDY OF INDONESIA
Authors: Fitriadi Fitriadi, Jiuhardi Jiuhardi, Arfiah Busari, Yana Ulfah, Yundi Permadi Hakim, Erwin Kurniawan A., Dio Caisar Darma
Abstract: This paper diagnoses the determination of Covid-19 on economic and social aspects in Indonesia. Panel data collected from 34 provinces in Indonesia for the 2020-2023 period supports the quantitative method. Three analyzes (Spearman, Kendall, and Pearson) were used to measuring the relationship and its partial effect. Research findings indicate that Covid-19 cases have a negative impact on labor productivity, migration, domestic violence, and sexual harassment. From other results, per capita spending, well-being, unemployment, and poverty actually increased when there was a surge in Covid-19. For the Spearman rho correlation, with a degree of 1 percent (p < 0.01), there is a significant effect between capita spending on well-being, per capita spending and well-being on migration, and poverty on labor productivity. Tested by Kendall’s tau and Pearson, the Covid-19 tragedy positively affected per capita spending, well-being, unemployment, poverty, and mortality, but labor productivity, migration, domestic violence, and sexual harassment were negatively affected by Covid-19. The partial probability level (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) reveals a significant effect of per capita spending on well-being, migration on per capita spending and well-being, and poverty on labor productivity. Although per capita spending has a significant impact on well-being (5 percent confidence level), there is a slight difference from the Pearson test, where with a tolerance limit of 1 percent, poverty affects sexual harassment significantly. Covid-19 has taught many things, so that humanity does not disappear with conditions that seek peace. Policy makers need to schedule a more inclusive national and regional resilience system.
Keywords: Social; economy; Covid-19; Correlation; panel data
Received: April 25, 2022 | Revised: June 11, 2022 | Accepted: June 30, 2022
AN EXAMPLE OF THE ADVERSE IMPACTS OF VARIOUS ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES ON AQUATIC BODIES: WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF THE PROVADIYSKA RIVER (NORTHEASTERN BULGARIA)
Authors: Kalin Seymenov
Abstract: Anthropogenic activities deteriorate the quality of water resources, which reduces their socio-economic suitability, endangers public health, and affects aquatic life. This work presents the results of physicochemical monitoring of the Provadiyska River (Northeastern Bulgaria) and aims to assess water quality status according to the guidelines pointed out in the National regulatory standard – Regulation H-4/2012 for characterization of the surface waters. The selected river has become one of the most seriously polluted streams in the territory of the country due to the effect of various human practices occurring in the drainage basin, such as agriculture, industry, and urban development. Data about the values of ten physicochemical variables (pH, EC, DO2, N-NH4, N-NO3, N-NO2, N-tot, P-PO4, P-tot, and BOD5), recorded at four measuring points during the period 2015–2020 have been used. Results obtained indicate that almost all of the parameters considered do not meet the reference norm for “Good status”, thus water quality could be assessed as “Moderate”. Failed variables appear to be EC, N-NH4, N-NO3, N-NO2, N-tot, P-PO4, P-tot, and BOD5 whose highest observed content remains from two up to nine times above the maximum permissible limits of Regulation H-4/2012. Water contamination arises from different sources and activities, including the excessive fertilization of croplands, the unregulated release of animal manure from livestock farms, the uncontrolled discharge of municipal and industrial effluents into the river, etc. The expansion of sewerage systems in the settlements, the construction
of wastewater treatment facilities, as well as the adoption of codes for best farming practices are among the most important actions that should be taken to reduce the deleterious effects of various anthropogenic activities on water quality.
Keywords: water quality; water pollution; human impact; Bulgaria
Received: May 31, 2022 | Revised: June 30, 2022 | Accepted: June 30, 2022
THE FUTURE CLIMATIC VARIABILITIES IN THE MANO RIVER UNION, ITS IMPLICATIONS ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Mahmoud Solomon, Oludayo Emmanuel Abiodun, Joseph Olalekan Olusina, James Bolarinwa Olaleye
Abstract: Knowledge of climatic variability of any country or region is essential to socio-economic development. This is particularly important as most sectors of national development can be altered if the climatic conditions are unsuitable. A hypothetical case lies in the fact that agriculture largely depends on apposite climate for fruitful production. The Mano River Region consists of some of the world’s poorest and least developed nations (Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cote D’Ivoire). The primary means of sustenance in this region is rain-fed agriculture. Knowledge of current and future climatic conditions in the region will be of significant benefit to the economy of the region. This work investigates the current and future
state of climate in the region using six climatic parameters (Maximum and minimum temperature, Precipitation, Relative Humidity, Wind Speed and Solar Radiation) spanning 1975—2018. To model the impact/ relationship, Kalman Filter was used. These variables were grouped into state transition and control variables. Transfer functions which depict relationships between every two variables at a time with one being input and the other considered as output were used to determine state transition and control variable matrices. Control variables (population and land use) were introduced to control the dynamism of the model in MATLAB environment. Results show that there is a drastic variation in climate in the region within the period of the data. This work establishes that there are rapid variabilities in these parameters which can be attributed to increase in population and loss of vegetation.
Keywords: Kalman Filter; Transfer Function; Climatic Variability
Received: February 27, 2022 | Revised: June 29, 2022 | Accepted: June 30, 2022